oÙRdmyl xmùeiwcøi xpËoËg PlxâP¢ bmêKËbk xgËdwbd ÌjwMwËdwk ewmwewxm oiwR RygËdk þñkÕe eÞKwm KËk oit I ovÆÚxZk xggZêdËK Z×Ël cËk„ ÌoB oËŠ bmêKËbk ÌbmËeÞi I iwdgZwk xmqw Ìbt, iwdÖnËK oËPZd KËk„ G KwkËY PlxâP¢ËK ÂcÖ xgËdwbd iwcøi dt, ogêwxcK mx£ßmwly oÙRdmyl MYiwcøi xpËoËgI xgËgPdw Kkw pt„ PlxâPË¢k iwcøËi GKxU ÌbËmk xmùe, ovÆÚxZ, oiwR Rygd I kwÄÛ gøgþÿw oóeËKêI AgxpZ pItw jwt„

eÔgê ewxKþZôwd I þñwcyd gwvlwËbËm xdxiêZ gwvlw PlxâPË¢k eÞwt 98 hwMB eÖkØn xdiêwZwk pwËZ xdxiêZ pËtËQ„ Adøwdø xmùeKlwt dwky Ìj pwËk xdiêwËY GxMËtËQ Ìo pwËk PlxâP¢ xdiêwËY AwËoxd„ G KwkËY PlxâPË¢ dwkyk kÕewtd NËUËQ eÖkØËnk Acyd GK owiwxRK Ryg xpËoËg­ jwËbk þñZìè ÌKwd o£w LÖ^ËR ewItw jwt dw„

PlxâPË¢ dwky Aexkpwjê Dewbwd„ GB Aexkpwjê Avm AxhdËtB oyiwg¦„ ÌjËpZ× PlxâP¢ pËâQ exkPwlKxdhêk iwcøi, ZwB eÖkØn xdiêwZwk PlxâPË¢ dwky AxhËd¢yËK eÖkØnZwxìèK iËdwhwg AdÖjwtyB Deþÿwed KkËZ pt„ dwkyk eÞxZ oiwËRk odwZd bÙxÄhxŠ GLËdw ÌZid BxZgwPKhwËg gbl ptxd„ gZêiwËd icøjÖMyt AiwdÖxnK AwPkËYk xdlêŒ eÞKwm ptZ KiB NËU, xKìç owiwxRK AdÖmwoËdk mÙáLxlZ g¬d ÌaËK GLËdw dwky iÖx£ß lwh KËkxd„ PlxâPË¢I Awikw oiwËRk eÖkØnZwxìèK iËdwhwgËKB ÌbLËZ ewB„ Gk iËcø gøxZ¢ßi Ìj ÌdB Zw dt, xKìç gøxZ¢ßi KLËdw DbwpkY pËZ ewËk dw„

G AéËl PlxâPË¢k ÂkØ ÌaËK G ejêìZô Ìjog AxhËd¢y bweËUk oËŠ Axhdt KËkËQd ZwËbk xdËtB GB xdg¬„

G AéËlk G ÌqË¢ eÞai owpoy iÖoxli ZkØYy xio ÌkwËKtw AwpËib„ xZxd lwËpwËkk xdgêwK Qxg Itw«wxkv Wøwëowkop ÌgmxKQ× QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ Ìbm xghwËMk AwËM xgÛxUm mwodwiËl G AéËlk AwËdwtwkw QbôdwËi (gdwdy ÌP#cÖky) AxhËd¢y xpËoËg ZuKwlyd exúPi gwvlw Zaw KlKwZwk PlxâPË¢ Axhdt ÂkØ KËkd„ ’47 owËl Ìbm xghwËMk ekI xZxd KlKwZwk QxgËZ Axhdt AgøwpZ kwËLd„ þñwcydZwk AwËM nwU bmËKk iwSwiwxS oiËt xZxd þÿwtyhwËg gwvlwËbËm PËl AwËod„ ZLd ÌlU Ìbtwk xg lwBU (’70), cyËk gËp ÌiNdw, oÖL bÖ:ËLk oway, Awlöwp ÌiËpkgwd, AwKwmekyop KËtKxU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„

’47 owËl x§RwxZZË£òk iwcøËi Ìbm xghwËMk ek xgxq®hwËg PlxâP¢ xdiêwËYk DËbøwM Ìdtw pËlI hwnw AwËëbwlËdk eÔgê ejêìZô Zw gwþZôgwxtZ ptxd„ ewxKþZôwd mwodwiËl G AéËl PlxâP¢ xdiêwY ÂkØk ÌeQËd hwnw AwËëbwlËdk owflø AdÖËeÞkYw xpËoËg KwR KËkËQ„ XwKwt PlxâP¢ xmùe MËr ÌZwlwk Rdø W. owËbËKk ÌdZêÙËZò MxVZ pt ÌKw-AewËkxUh xflô ÌiKwoê xlxiËUW, XwKw„ GB eÞxZÅwËdk eÞËjwRdwt ’54 owËlB þñùeÐbNêø PlxâP¢ ‘AweøwtËdk’ xdiêwY ÂkØ pt„ W. AwgbÖo owËbËKk Kwxpdy Agl¹Ëd owËkwtwk ÌpwËoËdk xP¢dwUø I exkPwldwt QxgxUk xP¢MÞwpK xQËld owcd kwt, dwtËKk hÔxiKwt xQËld AwLZwk ÌpwËod, dwxtKw xQËld ewexr„ Mwd ÌMËtxQËld dykØ mwioÖdíwpwk (dwxtKw ewexrk Ìgwd) I iwpgÖgw pwodwZ„ Aweøwtd Gk ekB GB eÞxZÅwËdk x§Zyt Qxg FZ×iŠËlk KwR ÂkØ pt„ G QxgËZ AwxidÖl pK, KwRy LwËlK, Awtmw AwLZwk, pwxggÖlöwp, dÖkØl Awli L^w Axhdt KËkd„ owËkwtwk ÌpwËoËdk exkPwldwt 5xbd mÔxUv pgwk ek Qxgk KwR g¬ pËt jwt„ ekgZyê oiËt G eÞxZÅwdxUI dwdw KwkËY xglÖ® pËt jwt„ ewexr Awk PlxâPË¢ oóeÙ£ß awËKdxd „ ZËg Awtmw Aw£ßwk Ìgm KËtKxU PlxâPË¢ Axhdt KËkd„

’54 owËl AwgbÖl Rgµwk Lwd G AéËlk Zaw ZuKwlyd eÔgê ewxKþZôwËdk eÞai ogwK gwvlw Qxg ‘iÖL I iÖËLwm’-Gk KwR ÂkØ KËkd„ dwxtKw o‰U eÞoËŠ AwgbÖl Rgµwk Lwd gËlxQËld­ “oioøw pËlw, ÌiËt ewB dw„ hwglwi­ eÖkØnËKB dwiwËZ pt dwxK! ÌeewËk xblwi„ AwoËZ ÂkØ Kkl„ GKRd AwËo ÌZw AwËkKRd hwOwdy Ìbt„ Kxli mkwfyk þèy KwËilw mkwfyËK xdËZ PwBlwi„ ZwËbkI BâQw xQl„ pËlw dw„ eÔxYêiwk (iÔl dwi ewkhyd gwdÖ) Lgk Ìelwi„ dwUK KkZ„ ÌMlwi„ gwowt dwB„ xVKwdw ÌkËL Glwi, eËk Ìo AxfËo GËo pwxRk„ gËl­ Awxi QxgËZ KwR Kkg„ gllwi­ etow? gll­ dw, Awiwk etow lwMËg dw„ Awiwt XwKwt awKËZ, ÌLËZ xbËZ xbËgd„ G oit xetwky (dwRiw), RpkZ Awkw, xglxKo, kxpiw­ Ikw GËlw„’’

iÖL I iÖËLwm ’57 owËl iÖx£ß ewt„ iÖL I iÖËLwËmk ek K^wËPk Ìbtwl, Ìowdwk KwRl BZøwxb QxgËZ Axhdt KkËlI owrw RwMwËZ ewËkdxd eÔxYêiw„ ZËg Zwk ÌiËt dwoxkd ’87 owËl Ìlwh lwlow QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ RxrZ pd„ Gkek etow etow, xildZwkw, o¬wdop Ìgm KËtKxU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ ekgZêy oiËt dwtK RoyiËK xgËt KËk Axhdt ÌaËK bÔËk oËk jwd„ dgµB bmËKk ÌmnxbËK dwtK Royi iwkw jwd„ MZgQk AwgwËkw AxhdËt Awowk ÌNwnYw Ìbd dwoxkd„  

iÖL I iÖËLwm Qxgk AwËkK AxhËd¢y xglxKo gwky dby I dwky, DRwlw, ekItwdw, GB ÌZw Rygd, gwglÖ, mxdgwËkk xPxV, exkPtop eÞwt Ìbr mZwxcK PlxâP¢ I Ìbr pwRwk dwUËK Axhdt KËkd„ xglxKËok Kdøw AwËltw gwky Ñmmg ÌaËK dÙZøPPêwt oóeÙ£ß pd„ ekgZyê oiËt oÖlZwdw WwK×, kRdyM¬w, Mxl ÌaËK kwRea, eÞxZxpvow, kËok gwBbwdy, kwxRtw oÖlZwdw, icÖiwlZyop xgxhdí QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„

iÖL I iÖËLwm Qxgk AxhËd¢y kxpiw LwZ×d nwU bmËK RdxeÞt Pxk¢wxhËd¢y xQËld„ xZxd 80xUk iËZw QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ ÌgZwk, xUxh, ié dwUËKI Axhdt KkËZd„ 1976 owËlk 9 RÖd XwKwt iÙZ×øgkY KËkd„ xKìç xetwky Ggv RpkZ Awkw oóeËKê xgþZôwxkZ Rwdw jwt dw„ KwkY Gkw ÌKDB PlxâPË¢k oËŠ oóeÙ£ß xQËld dw„

ewxKþZôwd mwodwiËl GfxWxo eÞxZÅwk ek PlxâP¢ xdiêwY ÂkØ pt„ GfxWxok DËbøwËM xdxiêZ eÞai PlxâP¢ Awxotw (iÖx£ß ZwxlKwt nÅ)„ G QxgËZ dwxtKw PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkd oÖxiZw Ìbgy (Ìpdw h›wPwjê)„ GQwrw xoZwkw ow£wk (AwËtmw AwLZwk), xmxkd, iwcÖky, SYêw Awxotw Qxgk DËlöLËjwMø dwky PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkd„

Awxotw Qxg xbËt ÂkØ KËk eÞwt bÖB mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd oÖxiZw Ìbgy„ nwU bmËKk ÂkØËZ xZxd PlxâPË¢k RdxeÞt dwxtKw xpËoËg LøwxZ lwh KËkd„ nwU bmËKk iwSwiwxSk ek Pxk¢wxhdËt S×^ËK eËrd oÖxiZw Ìbgy„ AmöylZwk KwkËY Awxm bmK ÌaËK PlxâPË¢ eÞwt AxdtxiZ pËt eËrd GfxWxok PlxâPË¢k eÞai eÞcwd dwxtKw oÖxiZw Ìbgy„

GQwrw Aw†d xdËt ÌLlw, ÌiwËik AwËlw, iwtwk ovowk, Awbmê QwewLwdw, dZ×d eÞhwZ BZøwxb QxgËZ AxhdËtk ewmwewxm eÞËjwRdwI KËkd oÖxiZw Ìbgy„ nwU bmËKk ÂkØËZ xZxd Rxpk kwtpwËdk oËŠ xggwp g¬Ëd Awg¦ pd„ Zwk oìZôwdËbk AËdËKB dwUK kPdw, exkPwldw I eÞËjwRdwk KwËR RxrZ„ Gk iËcø xgeÖl kwtpwËdk dwi xgËmnhwËg DËlöLËjwMø„ oÖxiZw Ìbgy 2005 owËl gwcêKøRxdZ KwkËY iwkw jwd„

Awxotw Qxgk AwËkK AxhËd¢y AwËtmw AwLZwk eéwËmk bmËK iËé Axhdt KkËZd„ PlxâPË¢ xZxd iÔlZ Pxk¢wxhËd¢y xQËld„ Awxotw Qxgk AwËkK AxhËd¢y xmxkd ekgZyêËZ Ìgm KËtKxU PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkËQd„ jxbI nwU bmËKk ek, xgËmnZ iÖx£ßjÖ˦k ek Zwk oóeËKê xgËmn xKQÖ Rwdw jwt dw„ Awxotw Qxgk AdøZi AxhËd¢y iwcÖky P›ewcøwt ÌgmxKQ× QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ Awxotw Qxgk GKxU xKËmwk gtËok PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkd SYêw„ Qxgk opxmùey xpËoËg Ìgm KËtKxU QxgËZ KwR KËkd„ ’61 owËl pwkwËdw xbd QxgËZ dwxtKw PxkË¢ kÕebwd KËkd Ggv mgdi dwËi eÞxZÅw lwh KËkd„ dwxtKw PxkË¢ xZxd AËdK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ þñwcydZwk eÔËgê ’68 owËl xZxd þñwiy oÖkKwk kgyd ÌNwËnk oËŠ exúPi ewxKþZôwËd PËl jwd„ ÌoLwdKwk xgxhdí DbÖê QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ nwU bmËK kpiwd I mgdi RdxeÞt RÖxU xpËoËg eÞxZÅw lwh KËkxQl„ gwvlwËbËm GËo AwóiwRwdop MZ GK bmËK xZxd KËtKxU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkxQËld„

Awxotw PlxâPË¢k ek LÖg Aùe oiËtB PlxâPË¢ AËdK dwxtKw I Pxk¢wxhËd¢yk AwMid NËU„ nwU bmËKk ÂkØ ÌaËK Ìmn ejêìZô jwkw PlxâPË¢ AwËod ZwËbk iËcø oÖlZwdw Rwiwd, dwxoiw Lwd, AwËdwtwkw, oÖRwZw, ÌkwRy, Kgky, oÖPëbw, mwgwdw, gxgZw, kwYy okKwk, kImd Rwxil, mxiêly AwpËib eÞiÖL PlxâPË¢ gøweK RdxeÞtZw lwh KËkd„ GËbk AËdËK dwxtKw I Pxk¢wxhËd¢y xpËoËg LøwxZ lwh KËkd„ GQwrw kImd Awkw, ÌkËgKw, oÖlZwdw, AxiZw goÖ, AwxZtw ÌP#cÖky, iwtw pwRwxkKw, kydw P¢ßgZyê, ÌoZwkw AwpËib, oÖlZwdw eÞiÖL Pxk¢wxhËd¢y xpËoËg LøwxZ lwh KËkd„

GQwrw AwËkw xKQÖ AxhËd¢y nwU bmËK PlxâPË¢ AwËod, jwkw KËtKxU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkB pwxkËt jwd„ Gkw pËld Axdiw h›wPwjê, AdÖkwcw, AxiZw goÖ, eÞtwZ ÌMwlwi iÖþZôwfwk þèy I AxhËd¢y oÖgYêw iÖþZôwfwk iw ÌpwoËd Awkw, Ìmly, Ìmwhw, mwxpbw, mwiyi Awkw, lÖgdw, kÕew Lwd, Ìkmiw, kyYw Aw¢ßwi, kwxRtw ÌP#cÖky, kwxRtw, kwxRtw ÌP#cÖky, k™dw, kImd dgy, xidÖ kpiwd, xidíw Lwd, xikwdw Rwiwd, xidxZ ÌpwËod, i™Ö b£, Ìggy kyUw, fwkRwdw ggy, dwtdw, AxhËd¢y AwËdwtwkwk ÌQwU Ìgwd dwxMêo, dwRdyd, dwxMêo ÌiwkËmb, xblwkw Btwoxid, ZëbÛw, ZdÖRw, Wxl ÌP#cÖky, Wxl gr×tw, Zwkwdw, xUdw, RÖxltw, xRdwZ, RtìZôy, Rxkdw, Rgw ÌP#cÖky, xP¢w Rxpk, KÚnäw KwËgky, Kwdd, Kùedw, KwRky, KwRl ÌP#cÖky, Awhw, Kùedw (lwgdy), Itwxpbw eÞiÖL„

nwU bmËKk owrw RwMwËdw dwxtKw oÖlZwdw Rwiwd„ Zwk Awol dwi xQl Ñotbw ÌpwoËd Awkw mkyfw ÌgMi„ xZxd GfxWxok xP¢MÞwpK KwRy ÌiogwÉŒwiwËdk þèy„ iwxUk ewpwr Zwk eÞai Qxg„ eÞai QxgËZB xZxd gøweK RdxeÞtZw lwh KËkd Ggv XwKwk PlxâPË¢ eÞai ZwkKw AxhËd¢y xpËoËg LøwxZ lwh KËkd„ Gkek eÞwt 50xU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„

þñwcydZw eÔgêgZêy oiËt GfxWxok DËbøwËM xdxiêZ G ÌbËmk x§Zyt iÖx£ßeÞw® PlxâP¢ ‘RwËMw Étw owËhkw’t GKxU ÌQwU PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkd dwxoiw Lwd„ ekgZyê oiËt xZxd cwkwewZ (’63) QxgËZ eÞcwd dwxtKw xpËoËg AwxghêÔZ pd„ nwU bmËK xZxd †kØZòeÔYê dwxtKw xQËld „

PxlöËmk bmËK dÙZøPPêwt RxrZ pd kImd Rwxil„ þñwiy MIpk Rwxil xgxmÄ dÙZøxmùey I dÙZøexkPwlK„ nwU bmËK AxhdËtk oËŠ oóeÙ£ß pd„ eÞwt bÖB mZwxcK PlxâPË¢ Axhdt KËkd„ 2004 owËl xZxd iÙZ×øgkY KËkd„

nwU bmËKk ÂkØk xbËK Pxk¢wxhËd¢y xpËoËg PlxâPË¢ AwËod kwYy okKwk„ xZxd Gk AwËM ié I ÌgZwËk Axhdt KkËZd„ GQwrw dwP I Mwd xmËLxQËld„ DbÖê Qxg ‘bÔk pøwt oÖL Kw M^wI’ Zwk AxhdyZ eÞai Qxg„ ekgZyê oiËt xZxd eÞwt bÖB mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ AxcKwvm QxgËZ xZxd ÌdxZgwPK gw Ll PxkË¢ Axhdt KËk K×Uxd gÖxrk LøwxZ lwh KËkd„ AwËlwxPZ GB AxhËd¢y gÉ KËÄ xbdwxZewZ KËkd„ AaêwhwËg ÌkwËM h×ËM iwkw ÌMËQd„

bweÖËU AxhËd¢y AwËdwtwkw nwU bmËKk ÂkØËZ PlxâPË¢ AwËod„ Zwk AwËM xZxd iËé Axhdt I dÙZøPPêwk oËŠ oóeÙ£ß xQËld„ xZxd Awjwd Qxgk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ AwËod„ ekgZyêËZ xZxd eÞwt e^wP mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ GLd ejêìZô xZxd ÌemwbwkhwËg Axhdt KËk jwËâQd„

AxhËd¢y oÖRwZwk Rdô K×xÄtwt„ xZxd nwU bmËKk cwkwewZ (’63) QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi ÂkØËZB PlxâPË¢ RxrZ pd Ggv mynêþÿwdyt dwxtKw xpËoËg LøwxZ lwh KËkd„ ZuKwlyd dwtK AwxRËik oËŠ oÖRwZw RÖxUg¦ pËt RdxeÞtZw lwh KËkd„ ekgZyêKwËl mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„

nwU bmËKk GB ÌZw Rygd (’64) QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi AxhdËt RxrZ pd mwiyi AwLZwk ÌkwRy„ Zwk gwgwI PlxâPË¢k oËŠ oóeÙ£ß xQËld„ xZxd nwU bmËK dwxtKw xpËoËg LøwxZ lwh KËkd„ Awxmk bmËKk iwSwiwxS xZxd Awmw-xdkwmw dwËi GKxU PlxâP¢ exkPwldw KËkd„ AxdtxiZ pËlI xZxd dgµB bmËK KËtKxU PlxâPË¢ Axhdt KËkd„

xKËmwky gtËo ’63 owËl PlxâPË¢ AwËod P›MÞwËik ÌiËt AwfËkwRw oÖlZwdw kZíw„ ÂkØk xbËK xZxd kZíw dwËi Axhdt KkËlI ekgZyê oiËt mwgwdw dwËiB exkxPZ I RdxeÞtZw lwh KËkd„ Zwk AxhdyZ eÞai Qxg dZ×d oÖk„ xKËmwk gtËo kZíw dwËi xZxd Zwlwm, WwK×gwgÖ, hwBtw, owMk, etËo, Awgwk gdgwËo kÕegwd BZøwxb QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ ’67 owËl xZxd PËKxk (DbÖê Qxg) QxgËZ dwxtKw PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkd Ggv mwgwdw dwi cwkY KËkd„ ekgZyêËZ eÞwt xZd mZwxcK QxgËZ oÖAxhdt KËk gøweK RdxeÞtZw ARêd KËkd„ xZxd nwU bmËK Axhdt ÂkØ KkËlI o£k, Awxm I dgµB bmËKk iwSwiwxS ejêìZô (Axhdt ÌQËr Ìbtwk AwM ejêìZô) eÞwt byNê xZd bmK mynêþÿwdyt AxhËd¢y xpËoËg PlxâPË¢ eÞhwg xgþZôwk KËkd„ eÞËjwRK Itwxpb owxbKËK xgËt KËkd„ þñwiy-þèy xiËl MËr ÌZwËld eÞËjwRdw ovþÿw GoGo (mwgwdw-owxbK) eÞWwKmëo„ gwvlwËbËmk PlxâPË¢ mwgwdw GK eÞxZhwgwd AxhËd¢y xpËoËg byNêxbd þôkYyt pËt awKËgd„ kwŒwK, DŒl, ÌowËpl kwdw, AwliMyk, Royiop xgxhdí dwtËKk oËŠ Zwk RÖxU MËr DËV„ xZxd o£k I Awxm bmËKk AovLø gøgow ofl Qxgk AxhËd¢y„ xZxd GKwxcKgwk RwZyt PlxâP¢ eÖkÆwkop AovLø oóiwddw lwh KËkd„

’64 ËZ oÖZkwv QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ AwËod P›MÞwËik xKËmwky xidw ewl„ PlxâPË¢ Zwk dwi Kgky„ eÞai QxgËZB xZxd bmêKËbk id Rt KËkd„ QxgxU gøweK RdxeÞtZw lwh KËk„ GQwrw ’65 owËl fÝwvKf×Uê PlxâP¢ DuoËg eÖkÆÚZ pt„ Gkek gp gøgowofl QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ eÞËjwRdw KËkd GKxU PlxâP¢ †¡w„ KgkyËK AËdËK ÌbËmk ogêKwËlk Ìokw dwxtKw xpËoËgI AxhxpZ KËk awËKd„ Kgky xQËld LÖg ofl dwxtKw„ Zwk oËŠ Ìj ÌKwd dwtKB xpU pËt ÌjZ„ ZËg kwŒwK-Kgky RÖxU gwvlwËbËmk PlxâPË¢k xKvgbxìZô RÖxU xpËoËg þñyKÚZ„ Kgky ’80-81 owl ejêìZô AxhdËt eÞwt xdtxiZ xQËld„ ’80 bmËKk ÂkØ ÌaËK xZxd AxhdËt eÞwt AdÖexþÿZ pËt erËlI dwdw kKi owiwxRK-owvÆÚxZK KiêKwË¡ AvmMÞpY AgøwpZ ÌkËLËQd„ fËl iwdÖËnk iwËS xZxd ÂcÖ GKRd AxhËd¢y dd, GKRd owvÆÚxZK gøx£ßZò xpËoËg xdËRk BËiR eÞxZxÅZ KËkËQd„ Kgky owËkwtwk bÖ’gwk RwZyt RÖxkËgwWê Ggv bÖ’gwk RwZyt Ìoëok ÌgwËWêk oboø xpËoËg bwxtZò ewld KËkd„ 2001 owËl xZxd AwìZôRêwxZK PlxâP¢ Duog AwËtwRd KxixUk †kØZòeÔYê bwxtËZò xQËld„ GQwrw AwìZôRêwxZK xgxhdí PlxâP¢ DuoËgI xZxd AvmMÞpY KËkËQd„ 2001 owËl xm GKwËWiyk AwxaêK opwtZwt GKxU þñùeÐbNêø xmÂËZwn PlxâP¢ xdiêwY KËkd Kgky owËkwtwk„ dwdw Kwjê¢ßËik cwkwgwxpKZwt xZxd 2004 owËl eÔYêÐbNêø PlxâP¢ Awtdw xdiêwY KËkd„ gZêiwËd dwUK xdiêwY KkËQd Kgky„ GQwrw ekgZyê Qxg exkPwldwkI ÌNwnYw xbËtËQd„

jËmwËkk ÌiËt ÌKwxpdÔk Aw£ßwk oÖPëbw 1966 owËl iÖx£ßeÞw® PlxâP¢ KwMËRk Ìd#Kwt Qxgk iwcøËi AxhdËt AwËod„ LÖg Aùe oiËt xZxd RdxeÞtZw lwh KËkd„ jxbI Zwk AwËM GKxU eÞwiwYøxPË¢ Axhdt KËkd„ xZxd dgµB bmK ejêìZô eÞwt Ìbr mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ nwU bmËKk iwSwiwxS oiËt xZxd eÞtwZ PlxâP¢Kwk, ÌlLK I gÖx¦Rygy Rxpk kwtpwËdk oËŠ xggwp g¬Ëd Awg¦ pd„

2005 owËl Zwk exkPwldwt xdxiêZ PlxâP¢ pwRwk gQk cËk iÖx£ß ewt„ Rxpk kwtpwËdk Dedøwo Agl¹Ëd xdxiêZ Zwk GB Qxgk eÞËjwRKI xZxd„ PiuKwk Mùe, oÖëbk xP¢dwUø, dwëbxdK xdiêwYÐmlyk Qwe QxgËZ lqø Kkw jwt„ oóeÞxZ G QxgxU xblöyËZ AdÖxÅZ AwìZôRêwxZK DuoËg eÞmvxoZ pt„ oÖniw nwU bmËKk ÌmnxbËK AwxckwZ Qxgk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ RxrZ pd„ ekgZyê oiËt eÞwt 80xU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ dwxtKw gw BxZgwPK PxkË¢k ÌPËt ÌdxZgwPK gw LldwxtKw PxkË¢B oÖniw Ìgxm RdxeÞtZw lwh KËkd„

nwU bmËKk ÌmnxbËK hxMíexZ (gr Ìgwd oÖPëbwk þñwiy) Rxpk kwtpwËdk iwcøËi xKËmwk gtËo PlxâPË¢ AwËod fxkbw AwLZwk exe„ xKËmwk gtËo ovowk QxgËZ oÖgYêw dwËi Axhdt KËkd„ ekgZyêËZ eyP Xwlw ea I Ìmn ejêìZô (’69) QxgËZ gxgZw dwi cwkY KËk dwxtKw PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkd„ LÖg Aùe oiËtB xZxd LøwxZk myËnê PËl jwd„ þñwcydZwk ek o£k bmËKk ÂkØËZ DeipwËbËmk xKvgbxìZô PlxâP¢ xdiêwZw oZøxRu kwËtk xgLøwZ PlxâP¢ Amxd ovËKZ QxgËZ AxhdËtk oÖËjwM ewd„ G QxgËZ Axhdt KËk AwìZôRêwxZK AŠËdI eÞmvow lwh KËkd gxgZw„ xZxd o£k-Awxm bmËKk eÞai owxkk AxhËd¢y xQËld„ dgµB bmËK GËo AmöylZwk KwkËY Axhdt KxiËt Ìbd„ GLËdw iwËS iËcø KiovLøK QxgËZ Axhdt KËk jwËâQd„ RwZyt PlxâP¢ eÖkÆwk eÞgZêËdk ek eÞai xZd gQk (gwby ÌaËK ÌgMi-’75, dtdixd-’76, goÖ¬kw-’77) Uwdw Ìokw AxhËd¢yk eÖkÆwk lwhI gxgZwk Axhdt RygËdk DËlöLËjwMø NUdw„ xZxd eÞwt xZd mZwxcK PlxâPË¢ Axhdt KËkd„

þñwcydZwk eËk PlxâPË¢k gøwx® ÌgËr jwt„ nwU bmËKk dwxtKwËbk iËcø Kgky, mwgwdw, gxgZwk ewmwewxm dZ×d dZ×d AËdK dwxtKw I AxhËd¢y PlxâPË¢ RxrZ pd„ ZwËbk iËcø dÔZd, A™dw, ÌkwxRdw, oÖgYêw iÖþZôwfw, A™Ö ÌNwn, kwdy, Póew, xbxZ, AkØYw xgmðwo, mwgdwR, Ìi#oÖiy, mwgdÔk, exe, eÔxYêiw AdøZi„ GQwrw ÌbwËtl, oÖËd¢w, kwYyop AwËkw AËdK dwxtKw PlxâPË¢ GËlI Zwkw ÌZid owrw RwMwËZ ewËkdxd„ GËbk ÌKD ÌKD PlxâPË¢ oÖxgcw KkËZ ewËkdxd, Awgwk KwËkw KwËkw hwl Agþÿwd awKËlI PlxâPË¢ oóeÙ£ß awËKdxd„ GËbk iËcø xblwkw, RÖxltw, xRdwZ, ÌkwxRdwk Ìgwd xmxkd (BËlwkw), GxlRw xPxþZô, KwìZôw Rwxil, þñeíw bwo, Ìmly KwËbk, mylw iiZwR AdøZi„

AxhËd¢y I dÙZøxmùey dÔZËdk eÞai Qxg dÔZd eÞhwZ„ GQwrw eÞwt bÖB mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ ZËg xZxd KLËdwB eÞai owxkk dwxtKw xpËoËg xgËgxPZ xQËld dw„ owcwkYZ ZwËK Qxgk x§Zyt dwxtKw xpËoËg ÌbLw ÌjZ„ AxhdËtk ewmwewxm Kwxgd, P^wb oÖkØRop KËtKxU Qxg eÞËjwRdwI KËkd„ dgµB bmËKk iwSwiwxS ejêìZô dÔZdËK PlxâPË¢ ÌbLw ÌMËQ„

boÖø gdÉk QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi ’76 owËl PlxâPË¢ AwËod dÙZøxmùey A™dw„ xZxd eÞwt mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ MZ 15 gQk ZwËK PlxâPË¢ ÌbLw jwtxd glËlB PËl„ ZËg Awmwk Kaw, xZxd AwgwËkw PlxâPË¢ Axhdt KkËQd„ 2005 owËl ÌowËpl kwdwk xgekyËZ Zwk ÌbwRL QxgxU iÖx£ß ewt„

Awxm bmËKk owrw RwMwËdw dwxtKw ÌkwxRdw ’76 owËl RwËdwtwk QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ AwËod„ Gk AwËM xZxd iédwUËK Axhdt KkËZd„ GKxU eÞwiwYøxPË¢I Axhdt KËkxQËld„ xZxd eÞwt bÖB mZwxcK QxgËZ Axhdt KËkxQËld„ dgµB bmËKk iwSwiwxSËZ GËo xZxd Axhdt ÌaËK bÔËk oËk jwd„ MZgQk Awgwk kwq×oy Qxgk iwcøËi AxhdËtk oËŠ RxrZ pd„ ÌkwxRdw dwxtKw xpËoËg oÖAxhdËtk Rdø RwZyt PlxâP¢ eÖkÆwkop xgxhdí eÖkÆwk ÌeËtxQËld„

’79 owËl þñYêKil QxgËZ oÖRwZwk xKËmwky gtËok PxkË¢ Axhdt KËkxQËld oÖPxkZw„ ZLd Zwk dwi xQl Ìgxg ÌpËld„ GQwrw xmÂxmùey xpËoËg gwglÖop AwËkw KËtKxU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ ekgZyêËZ xZxd oÖPxkZw dwi cwkY KËk dwxtKw xpËoËg eÞwt mZwxcK PlxâPË¢ Axhdt KËkd„ dgµB bmËKk ÂkØk xbËK xZxd PlxâP¢ ÌaËK bÔËk oËk jwd „

A™Ö ÌNwn ’82 owËl oIbwMk QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ AwËod „ ÌfwKciêy QxgËZ A™Ö ÌNwn gøweK RdxeÞtZw lwh KËkd„ Zwk AxhdyZ ÌgËbk ÌiËt ÌRøwuoíw (90) ÌkKWê gøgow KËk„ Itwxoi-A™Ö ÌNwn RÖxU xpËoËg Awxm bmËK RdxeÞt pËt DËVxQl„ Zwk AxhdyZ Qxgk ovLøw mZwxcK„ GQwrw goìZô iwlZyop KËtKxU Qxg eÞËjwRdw KËkd „

ewkhyd oÖlZwdw xbxZ ’84 owËl GfxWxo AwxgûKÚZ dZ×d iÖËLk xmùey„ Awxm bmËKk ÌmnxbËK KËtK gQËkk Rdø PlxâP¢ ÌaËK oËk jwd„ Awgwk dgµB bmËKk ÂkØËZ PlxâPË¢ RxrZ pd„

†lmwd Awkw AwLZwk Póew ’85 owËl xZd Kdøw QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ AwËod„ G QxgxUk eÞËjwRK Zwk gr Ìgwd ÌKwxpdÔk Aw£ßwk oÖPëbw„ xZd Kdøw QxgËZ oÖPëbw, gxgZw I Póew Awed xZd Ìgwd Axhdt KËkd„ QxgxU gøgowxtKhwËg ofl pt Ggv RdxeÞt pËt IËVd Póew „ ’86 owËl P^wew WwOwk Ìg# QxgËZ AxhdËtk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ AwËod AkØYw xgmðwo„ xZxd xgxmÄ jw¢wxmùey AiËlëbÖ xgmðwo I ÌRøwuoíw xgmðwËok ÌiËt „ dgµB bmËKk iwSwiwxS ejêìZô xZxd ekm ewak, KvKkop eÞwt 50xU QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ dgµB bmËKk iwSwiwxSËZ xZxd PlxâP¢ ÌaËK oËk jwd„ e^wP gQk xZxd AxhdËtk oËŠ oóeÙ£ß dw awKËlI 2002 owËlk ek xZxd dwUK xdiêwY I dwUøwxhdËtk oËŠ jÖ£ß pd„ MZgQk AkØYw xgmðwo PwâP× QxgËZ Axhdt KËkd„ gZêiwËd xZxd xdtxiZ dwUK exkPwldw I eÞËjwRdw KkËQd„ GQwrw oóeÞxZ xZxd PlxâP¢ exkPwldwkI ÌNwnYw xbËtËQd„ Zwk exkPwldwt xdxiêZgø Qxgk dwi dyl„

þñwcydZwk eËk Pxk¢wxhËd¢y (dwtK-dwxtKwk iw, hwxg, gr Ìgwd BZøwxb Pxk¢) xpËoËg jwkw ofl pËtËQd ZwËbk iËcø Wxl RÉk, LwËlbw Aw£ßwk Kùedw AdøZi„

dgµB bmËK PlxâPË¢ ZwkØËYøk ÌRwtwk lqø Kkw jwt„ ’91 owËl P^wbdy Qxgk iwcøËi PlxâPË¢ AwËod mwgdwR„ iÔlZ mwgdwËRk ofl ebPwkYwB ekgZêy oiËt Ìi#oÖiy, mwgdÔk, exe, eÔxYêiw, ÌKtw, kZíw, xoilwËbk oÖËjwM oÙxÄ KËk Ggv GËbk bweËU Awxm bmËKk AËdK AxhËd¢y PlxâP¢ ÌaËK xdËRËbk †xUËt Ìdd„ jxbI ÌKD ÌKD GRdø AmöylZwËK bwty KËkd„

dgµB bmËK PlxâPË¢ AmöylZw ÌbLw Ìbt„ ÂkØk xbËK dwxtKwËbk MwËdk bÙËmø Ajaw owbw ewZlw mwxrËZ gÙxÄk ewxdËZ xhRwËdwk bÙËmø Axhdt KkwËdw pËZw„ dwxtKwËbk iËcø Póew KwËoi iwlwk ÌeÞi QxgËZ G kKi GKxU bÙËmø Axhdt KËkd„ xKìç ekgZyê oiËt ÂcÖ gÙxÄk ewxdB dt, MwËdk bÙËmø dwxtKwËbk Amöyl AŠhxŠI ÌbLw jwt„ H oit ÌaËKB QxgËZ AmöylZw ov¢ßiËY kÕe Ìdt„ G eËa G†Ëdwk ÌPÄw KËkd xdxm, ZÚnäw, Kwxé, iÖdiÖd, itÔky, S×iKw, exl, mwpdÔk„

 dgµB bmËKk ÌmnxbËK AmöylZw Gid ejêwËt ÂkØ pt Ìj, AËdK xdiêwZw xdxû¢ßt pËt eËrd„ AËdK hwl xmùey xdÇyt pËt eËrd gw Qxg Kkwk ovLøw KxiËt Ìbd„ xKìç AmöylZwËK eÖ^xR KËk AËdK dZ×d exkPwlK-eÞËjwRK PlxâPË¢ oóeÙ£ß pd, jwËbk PlxâP¢ oóeËKê dÔødZi ÌKwd cwkYw ÌdB„

mwgdwËRk hwl dwi owgxkdw Zwxdtw„ ’96 owËl RwZyt PlxâP¢ eÖkÆwk ewItw mwgdwR eËk xP¢dwtK dwCËik NkYy pd„ bÔËk oËk jwd PlxâP¢ ÌaËK„ gZêiwËd dwUËK Axhdt KkËQd„

MZ GK jÖËMk ofl dwxtK Ìi#oÖiy„ ’93-G xpxëb Qxg ÌKtwiZ Ìo ÌKtwiZ ZwK Qxgk gwvlw xkËid ÌKtwiZ aËK ÌKtwiZ xbËt Zwk owfËløk oÔPdw„ Axhdt KËkËQd Ìbr mZwxcK QxgËZ„ exkPwldw KËkËQd bÖxU Qxg­ KLËdw ÌiN KLËdw gÙxÄ I ÌiËpk xdMwk„ xgËt KËkËQd dwtK Iik owxdËK„ ÌeËtËQd xgxhdí eÖkûKwk„ Zwk oiowixtKËbk AdøZi mwgdÔk„ owrw RwMwËdw G ÌiËt byNê 14 gQk bweËUk oËŠ dwxtKw PxkË¢ Axhdt KËk PËlËQd„ ÂkØUw xQl P^wbdy xbËt„ GLd ejêìZô Zwk AxhdyZ Qxgk ovLøw Ìbrmk iËZw„

1997 owËl K×xl Qxg xbËt AwZôeÞKwm exek„ 120xUk iËZw QxgËZ Axhdt KËkËQd iËWl ÌaËK dwxtKw pItw exe„ ÌeËtËQd RwZyt PlxâP¢ eÖkûKwk„ ÌMl AwU gQËk Ìgm iRgÖZ Agþÿwd ÑZxk KËk xdËZ oqi pËtËQ eÔxYêiw„ BËZwiËcø Axhdt KËkËQd mZwxcK QxgËZ„

’80 bmËKk iwSwiwxS oiËt exkPwlK xpËoËg AwZôeÞKwm KËkd ÌkwRy„ Zwk exkPwxlZ eÞai PlxâP¢ Awmw-xdkwmw„ ’86 owËl exkPwldwt oóeÙ£ß pd AwËkK AxhËd¢y oÖRwZw„ Zwk exkPwxlZ Qxgk dwi AeêY„ byNêxbd xPìZôwhwgdwk ek ’97 owËl exkPwldwt AwËod oÖPëbw„ Zwk exkPwxlZ eÞai Qxg ogÖR ÌKwU KwËlw Pmiw ’98 owËl xgËbm jw¢w dwËi iÖx£ß ewt„ GQwrw 2005 owËl oÖPëbw exkPwxlZ x§Zyt PlxâP¢ pwRwk gQk cËk iÖx£ß ewt„

dwkxMo Aw£ßwËkk eÞai PlxâP¢ ÌiNlw AwKwm 2002 owËl iÖx£ß ewt„ ekgZyêoiËt Pwk oZyËdk Nk, mUêKwËUê grËlwK Qxg iÖx£ß ewt„ ZwQwrw Zwk KËtKxU Qxgk xdiêwY eÞwt Ìmn pËtËQ„ AwËkw bÖxU Qxg xdiêwY eÞx¢ßtwt kËtËQ„ 2003 owËlk ÌmnxbËK Ìi#oÖiy exkPwxlZ eÞai PlxâP¢ KLËdw ÌiN KLËdw gÙxÄ iÖx£ß ewt„ Ìi#oÖiyk x§Zyt PlxâP¢ ÌiËpk xdMwk 2006 owËl iÖx£ß ewt„ 2004 owËl Kgky owËkwtwk exkPwxlZ Awtdw iÖx£ß ewt„ 2006 owËl owxitw Rwiwd exkPwxlZ eÞai PlxâP¢ kwdy K×xVk gwKy BxZpwo iÖx£ß ewt„

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